…Understanding the Memory Usage of Your Application

 

Notes

  • With 32 bit architectures, you’ll quickly run out of memory.
  • java.lang.Integer is 4 times bigger than an 32-bit int and 9 times bigger than an 64-bit int.
  • CompressedOpps reduces this overhead significantly and reduces the (non-native) Java heap size.
  • For one java.lang.String, two objects are created. The overhead for one “word” are three “words” of extra overhead.
  • A hashset is just a wrapper around a hashmap where the wrapper restricts the functionality.
  • LinkedLists have a huge overhead because of the created entry object for every stored object. In general, check the default sizes for collections and buffers.
  • HashMap, HashSet and StringBuffer will double its internal arrays if the size is exceeded.
  • Techniques:
    • Lazy allocation of collections
    • Don‘t create collections for a single object
    • Correct sizing of collections
    • Avoid expansion of such collections due to x2 algorithm
  • Collections do not shrink once expanded
  • Empty collections are a huge waste. Eclipse Memory Analyser Tool (MAT) can help to find them.
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Chris Bailey – From Java Code to Java Heap

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